{"id":98,"date":"2023-06-21T13:46:46","date_gmt":"2023-06-21T11:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/?page_id=98"},"modified":"2023-08-06T14:01:48","modified_gmt":"2023-08-06T12:01:48","slug":"la-rdc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/index.php\/la-rdc\/","title":{"rendered":"La RDC"},"content":{"rendered":"

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La rdc<\/h1>\n

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L’histoire de la RDC<\/h1>\n
\n

 <\/p>\n

La R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo est un pays de l\u2019Afrique centrale. Elle est \u00e0 cheval sur l\u2019Equateur. Sa superficie est de 2 345 000 Km2. Elle est entour\u00e9e au nord par le Soudan du Sud et la R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine ; \u00e0 l\u2019est par l\u2019Ouganda, le Rwanda, Burundi et la Tanzanie ; au sud par la Zambie et l\u2019Angola et \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest par la R\u00e9publique du Congo.
A l\u2019origine, la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo a connu la succession de diff\u00e9rents royaumes ou empires.
Le royaume Kuba, un des plus puissants d\u2019Afrique centrale (du XVI\u00e8 au XVII\u00e8 si\u00e8cle). Il se situait dans le Kasa\u00ef occidental (au centre du pays) et regroupait 20 peuples bantous. Il doit son succ\u00e8s au commerce du sel.
Le royaume Lunda s\u2019\u00e9tendait du Katanga (sud de la RDC), \u00e0 l\u2019Angola oriental et au nord de la Zambie (XVI\u00e8 au XIX\u00e8 si\u00e8cle). Il \u00e9tait dirig\u00e9 par un Empereur ou une Imp\u00e9ratrice d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par des nobles.
L\u2019Empire Luba, \u00e9tabli en Afrique Centrale du XVI\u00e8 au XIX\u00e8 si\u00e8cle connut son apog\u00e9e sous les r\u00e8gnes des Balopwe Ilunga Sungu Kumwimba Ngombe.
En 1482, le navigateur Portugais Diego Cao d\u00e9couvrit l\u2019embouchure du fleuve Congo au sud du pays. Cette d\u00e9couverte emmena l\u2019\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation de cette partie du pays. Les missionnaires ont construit plusieurs \u00e9coles qui ont form\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9lite du pays.
C\u2019est lors de la Conf\u00e9rence de Berlin en 1885 que les puissances coloniales occidentales se sont mises autour de la table pour se partager le continent africain.
Le Roi des Belges, L\u00e9opold II, a acquis la RDC. Un r\u00e8gne de triste m\u00e9moire car ce monarque, pour enrichir la Belgique, a exploit\u00e9 ses richesses en infligeant aux travailleurs affect\u00e9s aux plantations d\u2019h\u00e9v\u00e9a des traitements inhumains (en faisant couper, entre autres, les mains des travailleurs qui ne s\u2019acquittaient pas des quotas de r\u00e9colte d\u2019h\u00e9v\u00e9a qui leur \u00e9tait attribu\u00e9s …).
Le 30 juin 1960, le pays a acc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance. La capitale, L\u00e9opoldville, est devenue Kinshasa.
Le premier pr\u00e9sident \u00e9tait Monsieur Joseph Kasa Vubu. Il fut destitu\u00e9, par coup d\u2019\u00c9tat, le 24 novembre 1965, par le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Joseph D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Mobutu. Celui-ci a chang\u00e9 le nom du pays en Za\u00efre en 1967.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s 32 ans de r\u00e8gne, le Pr\u00e9sident Mobutu a perdu le pouvoir. Il a quitt\u00e9 le pays le 17 mai 1997. C\u2019est Monsieur Laurent D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila qui l\u2019a remplac\u00e9. Il a modifi\u00e9 le nom du pays pour reprendre son nom d\u2019origine \u00ab R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo \u00bb.
Le 16 janvier 2001, Monsieur Laurent D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila a \u00e9t\u00e9 assassin\u00e9. C\u2019est son fils Joseph Kabila Kanambe qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9 au poste de Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique. Ce dernier est rest\u00e9 au pouvoir jusqu\u2019aux \u00e9lections de d\u00e9cembre 2018, gagn\u00e9es par Monsieur F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi.<\/p>\n

Donc en 62 ans d’ind\u00e9pendance, la RDC n’a connu sa premi\u00e8re transition pacifique du pouvoir qu’en janvier 2019. F\u00e9lix Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo, fils de l\u2019opposant historique \u00c9tienne Tshisekedi, a succ\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 Joseph Kabila Kanambe, qui dirigeait le pays depuis 18 ans. Il semble qu’un nouveau contrat social soit en train de se dessiner entre l’\u00c9tat et les citoyens, \u00e0 travers la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation de l\u2019enseignement primaire gratuit, une plus grande transparence et des r\u00e9formes du secteur public, et l\u2019importance accord\u00e9e \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention des conflits et \u00e0 la stabilisation dans l\u2019Est du pays.<\/p>\n

Cependant, malgr\u00e9 les efforts de pr\u00e9vention des conflits et de stabilisation, des poches d’ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 persistent dans le pays, particuli\u00e8rement dans sa r\u00e9gion orientale. Cette longue succession de conflits, d\u2019instabilit\u00e9, de troubles politiques et de r\u00e9gimes autoritaires, ont conduit \u00e0 une crise humanitaire s\u00e9v\u00e8re et persistante. <\/p>\n

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La population ne peut, par cons\u00e9quent, pas b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des richesses immenses que regorgent le pays. En effet, la RDC est l\u2019une des nations les plus pauvres au monde. En 2022, environ 62 % de la population vivait avec moins de 2,15 dollars par jour.<\/p>\n

Le pays se classe au 164\u00e8 rang sur 174 pays selon l\u2019indice de capital humain 2020 (0,37), ce qui la place en-dessous de la moyenne des pays d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne (0,40).<\/p>\n

Cette situation p\u00e9nalise les enfants. Un congolais n\u00e9 aujourd\u2019hui, ne peut esp\u00e9rer r\u00e9aliser que 37 % de son potentiel par rapport \u00e0 ce qui aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 possible s\u2019il avait b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une scolarit\u00e9 compl\u00e8te et de qualit\u00e9. Il en est de m\u00eame de l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie qui est faible chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans, la malnutrition et l\u2019absence de soins de sant\u00e9 optimale \u00e9tant les causes principales.<\/p>\n

Ces deux derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies cependant, on constate une am\u00e9lioration dans l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation chez les filles et les plus jeunes car le taux net de scolarisation a augment\u00e9 de 50 % entre 2000 et 2017, passant de 52 % \u00e0 78 %. Mais le taux d\u2019ach\u00e8vement du primaire reste bas (75 %), et la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9ducation extr\u00eamement faible : on estime que 97 % des enfants de dix ans en RDC sont en situation de pauvret\u00e9 des apprentissages, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019ils ne sont pas en mesure de lire et comprendre un texte simple.<\/p>\n

Pourvu que les prochaines \u00e9lections, pr\u00e9vues en d\u00e9cembre 2023, soient propices, \u00e0 la paix et \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie de la population<\/p>\n

Depuis 2015, la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo compte 26 provinces. Celles-ci sont divis\u00e9es en villes et territoires.
La ville de Gemena, o\u00f9 se situera le si\u00e8ge de notre Association \u00ab Gemena 2023 \u00bb, est le chef lieu de la province du Sud Ubangi, situ\u00e9e au nord ouest de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo.<\/p>\n

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L’histoire du congo<\/h3>\n

Car une vid\u00e9o vaut mille mots : retrouvez “LE DESSOUS DES CARTES”, une \u00e9mission ARTE de 2018 qui nous fait un excellent r\u00e9sum\u00e9 de la situation politique et soco-\u00e9conomique qui pr\u00e9vaut actuellement en RD Congo.<\/span><\/p>\n

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border_radii_image=”off|500px|500px|500px|500px” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”]<\/p>\n

“Rien ne peut \u00eatre construit sur la haine, l’amertume ou la vengeance.”<\/p>\n

Joseph Kasa-Vubu
<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide image=”http:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/lumumba.jpg” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ body_font=”||on||||||” text_orientation=”center” background_layout=”light” border_radii_image=”off|500px|500px|500px|500px” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”]<\/p>\n

“Nous allons montrer au monde ce que peut faire l’homme noir lorsqu’il travaille dans la libert\u00e9”<\/p>\n

Patrice Lumumba
<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide image=”http:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/lutumba.jpg” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ body_font=”||on||||||” text_orientation=”center” background_layout=”light” border_radii_image=”on|500px|500px|500px|500px” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”]”Le plus important est de faire des chefs d’\u0153uvre qui restent.”<\/p>\n

Massiya Lutumba Ndomanueno
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

voir la biographie \u2192<\/a>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” admin_label=”Footer” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ bottom_divider_style=”slant” bottom_divider_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.02)” bottom_divider_height=”100%” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”http:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/congo-map.png” title_text=”congo map” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”50px||||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px|||” box_shadow_style=”preset3″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/www.unep.org\/fr\/actualites-et-recits\/recit\/les-ressources-minerales-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo-peuvent” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”En savoir plus” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_color=”#BF1E2E” button_bg_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_id=”geo” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”|||-28px||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Un sous-sol qui regorge de richesses<\/h2>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui la RDC est encore un pays dont les ressources sont tr\u00e8s convoit\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale. Comme vous pouvez l\u2019observer \u00e0 partir de cette carte, les sols de la RDC regorgent de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res tr\u00e8s demand\u00e9es ne fusse que pour la conception de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones gr\u00e2ce au cobalt, le niobium pour l\u2019industrie de l\u2019automobile ou encore le cuivre dans la fabrication des produits \u00e9lectriques.
Ce sont ces mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res qui au lieu d\u2019\u00eatre d\u2019abord utilis\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du pays afin de d\u00e9velopper son autosuffisance dans les domaines de l\u2019automobile, t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie, dans la construction de diff\u00e9rentes infrastructures de transports ou par la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019industries sont utilis\u00e9es comme moyen de n\u00e9gociation avec des acteurs internationaux priv\u00e9s .
Les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par ces biens sont par la suite revers\u00e9s \u00e0 des acteurs locaux. Les retomb\u00e9es \u00e9conomiques ne sont pas forc\u00e9ment perceptibles par la population car le syst\u00e8me de redistribution est inexistant.
On observe \u00e9galement sur la carte plusieurs localit\u00e9s o\u00f9 se trouvent des mines d\u2019or et de diamants. Ces espaces repr\u00e9sentent des lieux tr\u00e8s convoit\u00e9s et tr\u00e8s exploit\u00e9s et parfois de mani\u00e8re ill\u00e9gale. Les conditions de travail des mineurs sont extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9caires raison pour laquelle ils s\u2019exposent chaque jour \u00e0 de grands dangers ( \u00e9boulements ) .
De plus, travailler dans les mines requiert une main d’\u0153uvre tr\u00e8s importante. Cela permet donc de cr\u00e9er facilement des emplois, raison pour laquelle on retrouve aussi beaucoup d\u2019enfants utilis\u00e9s dans l\u2019extraction des mines et pay\u00e9s \u00e0 tr\u00e8s bas co\u00fbt.<\/p>\n

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Un peu de tourisme ? Le sud Ubangi est une r\u00e9gion fascinante. D\u00e9couvrez les diff\u00e9rentes activit\u00e9s touristiques et culturelles de la r\u00e9gion<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”http:\/\/www.officetourisme.cd\/home” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”Office du tourisme” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”14px” button_border_color=”#ffffff” button_border_radius=”0px” button_letter_spacing=”2px” button_font=”|700||on|||||” button_icon=”$||divi||400″ background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”30px|17px||||” custom_padding=”15px|18px|15px|18px|true|true” animation_style=”fade” box_shadow_style=”preset2″ box_shadow_horizontal=”0px” box_shadow_vertical=”0px” box_shadow_blur=”0px” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”on” button_bg_color__hover=”#ffffff” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”on” button_text_color__hover=”#2a2a2a” box_shadow_horizontal__hover_enabled=”on” box_shadow_vertical__hover_enabled=”on” box_shadow_vertical__hover=”2px” box_shadow_blur__hover_enabled=”on” box_shadow_blur__hover=”15px” box_shadow_color__hover_enabled=”on” box_shadow_color__hover=”rgba(0,0,0,0.35)” box_shadow_horizontal__hover=”0px”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”10%|40px|10%|40px” custom_padding_tablet=”|2vw||2vw||true” custom_padding_last_edited=”off|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}” padding_tablet=”|2vw||2vw||true” padding_last_edited=”off|desktop” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”2em” header_font=”||||||||” header_2_font=”|800||on|||||” header_2_font_size=”48px” header_2_letter_spacing=”1px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” max_width=”667px” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”right” animation_intensity_slide=”5%” header_2_font_size_tablet=”30px” header_2_font_size_phone=”20px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Explorez la beaut\u00e9 naturelle du Sud-Ubangi au Congo. Une r\u00e9gion authentique o\u00f9 la nature r\u00e8gne en ma\u00eetre. D\u00e9couvrez des paysages \u00e9poustouflants, une faune unique et une culture locale captivante. Une exp\u00e9rience touristique inoubliable vous attend ici.<\/p>\n

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La rdcL’histoire de la RDC   La R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo est un pays de l\u2019Afrique centrale. Elle est \u00e0 cheval sur l\u2019Equateur. Sa superficie est de 2 345 000 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-98","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"campaignId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/98"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/98\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":493,"href":"https:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/98\/revisions\/493"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gemenaasso.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}